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PHENOMENA DEFINITION MANUAL

Retrieved from Ĭhicago/Turabian: Author-Date – Chicago Manual of Style (16th edition)īell, Kenton, ed. Bell (Ed.), Open education sociology dictionary. Retrieved ( ).ĪPA – American Psychological Association (6th edition) “phenomenon.” In Open Education Sociology Dictionary. Cite the Definition of PhenomenonĪSA – American Sociological Association (5th edition)īell, Kenton, ed. Word origin of “phenomenon” – Online Etymology Dictionary: ĭurkheim, Émile.

On the other hand, its useful function is to maintain these sentiments at the same degree of intensity, for they would soon diminish if the offences committed against them went unpunished” (Durkheim 2004:59). For example, the social reaction which constitutes punishment is due to the intensity of the collective sentiments that the crime offends. “When one undertakes to explain a social phenomenon, one must study separately the efficient cause which produces it and the function it fulfils.A social fact is recognized by the power of external coercion which it exercises, or is capable of exercising, over individuals and the presence of this power is in turn recognizable by the existence of some specific sanction, or by the resistance that it offers to any individual action that would violate it” (Durkheim 2004:49). It includes only one specific group of phenomena.

“We thus arrive at the point where we can formulate precisely the field of sociology.

Here, then, is a category of facts with very special characteristics: they consist of ways of acting, thinking and feeling that are external to the individual and are endowed with a coercive power by virtue of which they exercise control over him” (Durkheim 2004:46–47). When I undertake my duties as a brother, husband, or citizen and fulfil the commitments that I have entered into, I perform obligations which are defined outside myself and my actions, in law and custom.

“But in reality there is in every society a specific group of phenomena which are distinguished by characteristics that are quite separate from those studied by the other natural sciences.

Outside of scientific use, phenomenon has a connotation of mystery or the paranormal.